Continuous Integration

Or, when robots are eager to help.

Librsvg’s repository on gitlab.gnome.org is configured to use a Continuous Integration (CI) pipeline, so that it compiles the code and runs the test suite after every git push.

If you have never read it before, please read The Not Rocket Science Rule of Software Engineering, about automatically maintaining a repository of code that always passes all the tests. This is what librsvg tries to do!

In addition to running the test suite, the CI pipeline does other cool things. The pipeline is divided into stages. Here is roughly what they do:

  • First, set up a reproducible environment to build and test things: this builds a couple of container images and automatically updates them in gitlab. The container images have all of librsvg’s dependencies, and all the tools required for compilation, building the documentation, and casual debugging.

  • Then, run a quick cargo check (“does this have a chance of compiling?”), and cargo test (run a fast subset of the test suite). This stage is intended to catch breakage early.

  • Then, run the full test suite in a couple different configurations: different versions of Rust, different distros with slightly different versions of dependencies. This stage is intended to catch common sources of breakage across environments.

  • In parallel with the above, run cargo clippy and cargo fmt. The first usually has good suggestions to improve the code; the latter is to guarantee a consistent indentation style.

  • In parallel, obtain a test coverage report. We’ll talk about this below.

  • Check whether making a release at this point would actually work: this builds a release tarball and tries to compile it and run the test suite again.

  • Finally, generate documentation: reference docs for the C and Rust APIs, and the rendered version of this development guide. Publish the docs and coverage report to a web page.

We’ll explain each stage in detail next.

Creating a reproducible environment

The task of setting up CI for a particular distro or build configuration is rather repetitive. One has to start with a “bare” distro image, then install the build-time dependencies that your project requires, then that is slow, then you want to build a container image instead of installing packages every time, then you want to test another distro, then you want to make those container images easily available to your project’s forks, and then you start pulling your hair.

Fredesktop CI Templates (documentation) are a solution to this. They can automatically build container images for various distros, make them available to forks of your project, and have some nice amenities to reduce the maintenance burden.

Librsvg uses CI templates to test its various build configurations. The container images are stored here: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/librsvg/container_registry

See the section below on the “Full test suite and different environments” for details on what gets tested on the different container images produced by this stage.

Quick checks

cargo check and cargo test run relatively quickly, and can catch trivial compilation problems as well as breakage in the “fast” section of the test suite. When trying out things in a branch or a merge request, you can generally look at only these two jobs for a fast feedback loop.

Full test suite and different environments

  • The “full test suite” in principle runs autogen.sh && make check. This runs the “fast” portion of the test suite, but also a few slow tests which are designed to test librsvg’s built-in limits. It also runs the C API tests, which require a C compiler.

  • There are builds use a certain Minimum Supported Rust Version (MSRV), also a relatively recent stable Rust, and Rust nightly. Building with the MSRV is to help distros that don’t update Rust super regularly, and also to ensure that librsvg’s dependencies do not suddently start depending on a too-recent Rust version, for example. Building on nightly is hopefully to catch compiler bugs early, or to get an early warning when the Rust compiler is about to introduce newer lints/warnings.

  • Build on a couple of distros. Librsvg’s test suite is especially sensitive to changes in rendering from Cairo, Pixman, and the Pango/Freetype2/Harfbuzz stack. Building on a few distros gives us slightly different versions of those dependencies, so that we can catch breakage early.

Lints and formatting

There is a job for cargo clippy. Clippy usually has very good suggestions to improve the coding style, so take advantage of them! And if Clippy’s suggetions don’t make sense for a particular portion of the code, feel free to add exceptions like #[allow(clippy::foo_bar)] to the corresponding block.

There is a job for cargo fmt. Librsvg uses the default formatting for Rust code. For portions of code that are more legible if indented/aligned by hand, please use #[rustfmt::skip].

One job runs cargo deny, which checks if there are dependencies with vulnerabilities.

Another job runs a script to check that the version numbers mentioned in various parts of the source code all match. For example, Cargo.toml and configure.ac must have check for the same Minimum Supported Rust Version (MSRV).

Test coverage report

There is a job that generates a test coverage report. The code gets instrumented, and as the test suite runs, the instrumentation remembers which lines of code were executed and which ones were not; this then gets presented in an HTML report. This can be used for various things:

  • See which parts of the code are not executed while running the test suite. Maybe we need to add tests that cause them to run!

  • If you disable most of the test suite, you can use the coverage report to explore which parts of the code get executed with a particular SVG. This can aid in learning the code base.

Release tests

There is a job that runs meson dist, a part of Meson that simulates building a full release tarball. Running this in the CI helps us guarantee that librsvg is always in a release-worthy state.

Generate documentation

The following sets of documentation get generated: